最早的美国专利“维持生命的棺材”(矛盾?)1843年提起基督教的h . Eisenbrandt巴尔的摩,马里兰州。棺材有弹簧盖将提前在“最轻微的运动头或手。”Since that wouldn't do much good if the coffin were 6 feet underground, Eisenbrandt suggested leaving the coffin in an above-ground vault with a key to the vault door left inside, "so that should the person not really be dead, life may be preserved."